Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Research Group

Book Chapter

Knee articular cartilage

Abstract

Articular cartilage (AC) is vital for the proper functioning of the knee. This smooth white connective tissue covers the joint surfaces and allows pain free movement for decades. Its high durability originates from its unique structure mainly composed of cells, macromolecules and water. The same structure allows the cartilage to transmit the load and act like a cushion in the harsh mechanical environment of the body’s largest joint. Herein, it is discussed the origin, function and structure of knee AC. After briefly discussing its embryological development, the biochemistry and the related biomechanical properties of AC are also overviewed. The tissue components will be individually described and its role in the cartilage will be explained. It is also reviewed the different mechanical behaviours of the tissue. Finally, AC tissue homeostasis and maintenance is discussed, which is still somewhat requires a deeper knowledge. The anabolic and catabolic processes, namely tissue synthesis and degradation and the involved molecules and signalling pathways are also subjects that have been addressed in the current chapter. 

Journal
Regenerative Strategies for the Treatment of Knee Joint Disabilities
Volume
21
Pagination
3-20
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
ISSN
1868-2006
ISBN
978-3-319-44783-4
URL
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-44785-8_1
Keywords
cartilage, Knee, Osteoarthritis
Rights
Restricted Access
Peer Reviewed
Yes
Status
published
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