There is an unmet clinical need for repairing osteochondral (OC) lesions. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies advance with the possibility of regenerating different tissues by means of using cells, scaffolds and growth factors, alone or together. The use of bioreactor systems for developing mature tissues in vitro is also appealing. This book chapter aims to overview the main aspects related to structure and functions of articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and bone. The components of the tissue engineering and the most relevant reports on their use for treating OC lesions are concisely covered. Several treatment strategies are available; however, the gold standard does not exist. The biofunctional knowledge of these tissues has been uncovered by the development of advanced characterization techniques including medical imaging allowing visualization from sub-cellular to macro level. These techniques have been helping scientists not only to understand how these tissues function but also to develop multiscale TERM strategies. Thus, this hot topic is also briefly discussed.