@article {19180,
	title = {Uncovering the effect of low-frequency static magnetic field on tendon-derived cells: from mechanosensing to tenogenesis},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	month = {2017-09-08 00:00:00},
	pages = {10948},
	abstract = {
Magnetotherapy has been receiving increased attention as an attractive strategy for modulating cell physiology directly at the site of injury, thereby providing the medical community with a safe and non- invasive therapy. Yet, how magnetic eld in uences tendon cells both at the cellular and molecular levels remains unclear. Thus, the in uence of a low-frequency static magnetic eld (2 Hz, 350 mT) on human tendon-derived cells was studied using di erent exposure times (4 and 8 h; short-term studies) and di erent regimens of exposure to an 8h-period of magnetic stimulation (continuous, every 24 h or every 48 h; long-term studies). Herein, 8 h stimulation in short-term studies signi cantly upregulated the expression of tendon-associated genes SCX, COL1A1, TNC and DCN (p \< 0.05) and altered intracellular Ca2+ levels (p \< 0.05). Additionally, every 24 h regimen of stimulation signi cantly upregulated COL1A1, COL3A1 and TNC at day 14 in comparison to control (p \< 0.05), whereas continuous exposure di erentially regulated the release of the immunomodulatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 (p \< 0.001) but only at day 7 in comparison to controls. Altogether, these results provide new insights on how low-frequency static magnetic eld ne-tune the behaviour of tendon cells according to the magnetic settings used, which we foresee to represent an interesting candidate to guide tendon regeneration.
},
	keywords = {contact-free therapy, Immunomodulation, magnetotherapy, remote actuation, tendon mechanotransduction, tendon-related markers},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-11253-6},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11253-6},
	author = {Pesqueira, T. and Costa-Almeida, R. and Gomes, M. E.}
}